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翻訳と辞書　辞書検索 [ 開発暫定版 ] スポンサード リンク Kołłątaj's Forge ： ウィキペディア英語版 Kołłątaj's Forge Kołłątaj's Forge ((ポーランド語:Kuźnica Kołłątajowska)) was a group of social and political activists, publicists and writers from the period of the Great Sejm in the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. Centered on Hugo Kołłątaj, one of the most prominent thinkers of the Polish Enlightenment,〔 the Forge (''Kuźnica'') activists formed a radical, leftist faction of the reform supporters (the Patriotic Party, an organization that has been called the first Polish political party).〔〔 They disseminated news and ideas of the French Revolution in Poland.〔 Their pamphlets criticized feudalism and privileges of the nobility.〔〔 Their name, ''Kołłataj's Forge'', was given to them by their political opponents, and was originally pejorative.〔〔 ==Early development== Kołłątaj put forward the manifesto of the Forge in a series of anonymous letters to the Marshal of the Sejm, Stanisław Małachowski. These letters where published in 1788–1789 as: ''To Stanisław Małachowski... Several Letters from an Anonymous Writer'' (literal translation of ''Do Stanisława Małachowskiego... Anonyma listów kilka''). The work has also been rendered into English as the "Letters from an Anonymous Writer" or "Anonymous Letters to Stanisław Małachowski". They were supplemented in 1790 by the " of the Polish Nation" (''Prawo polityczne narodu polskiego'').〔〔〔 Kołłątaj criticized the dysfunctional politics of the Commonwealth, which were dominated by powerful magnates, and called for various reforms such as the strengthening of executive (royal) power, improvement of the state's military, elimination of liberum veto, universal taxation, and the emancipation of underprivileged classes (primarily, burghers and the peasantry).〔〔 The Forge's projects were highly refined; in fact the "Political Law", which contained the proposal for a new constitution became a major inspiration for the Constitution of 3 May.〔 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Kołłątaj's Forge」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク 翻訳と辞書 : 翻訳のためのインターネットリソース Copyright(C) kotoba.ne.jp 1997-2016. All Rights Reserved.